Groundwater
Groundwater is the water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in the tiny spaces between rocks and particles of soil. Groundwater forms on layers of poorly permeable soil.
The water rained on the ground seeps down the soil by gravity and at a certain depth fills the soil pores, cavities, hollows and gaps between soil particles. This is how water becomes groundwater. Aquifers divide into sections of various shapes and sizes where water volume, flow direction and flow rate vary due to the porosity and layered structure of the soil as well as the level of the bedrock. Water is gradually discharged out of springs and the littoral zones of bodies of water. Formations with a high level of groundwater flowing easily are called groundwater areas.
In order to determine the groundwater level, permanent groundwater observation pipes are often installed at building sites, from which the water level can be regularly observed before, and often even after, construction.